Sound device



De@ 22, l942 H'. s. GIPE 2,305,162

SOUND DEVICE ATTORNEY.

22, 1942. H. s. GIPE f y 2,306,162

l SOUND DEVICE Filed Aug. e, 1940 e sheets-sheer 2 276 INVENTOR.

Dec. 22, 1942. H. s. GIPE 2,306,162

SOUND DEVICE I Filed Aug. 8, 1940 6 SheetS--SheeiI 3 INVENTOR.

Hoff/'.5 on G/joe ATTORNEY.

Dec. 22, 1942. H, s GIPE 2,306,162

SOUND DEVICE Filed Aug'. 8, 1940 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Record/'ng'. Pla )fi/75l,

INVENTOR. 'Hoff/.ron SG/,ae

ATTORNEY.

Dec. 22, 1942. s, GIPE 2,306,162

` SOUND DEVICE I Z6: Filed Aug. 8, 1940 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Power 0 Wel* MMU/for (d/hef .P 423 4/6. J/oed/ef 397 385 387 2g J` enkel* '356 M fx er I /Vl wrap/lane /np w 432 INVENTOR.

' #aff/iron J 640e ATTORNEY,

Patented Dec. 22, 1942 UNITED -sTA'rEs PATENT OFFICE SOUND DEVICE Harrison IS. Gipe, West Lawn, Pa. e Application August 8, 1940, vSerial No. 351,902

17 Claims.

My invention relates to sound devices, and particularly to devices of this character that utilize electromagnetism in receiving and translating,

power of the recording uxes, or to simultaneously produce separate recording fluxes in a or recording and reproducing, sounds through the Conversely, when the inscribed or ail'ected element is moved past the stylus, the record may be reproduced and amplified.

Any variable quantity, to which electromagnetism may be caused to respond, mayalso be translated or recorded, and the translation or record utilized, ,so that uses of the invention applicable tovsuch purposes are contemplated, irrespective -ofwhether the intermediary or record element is a wire, a tape, a disk, or has other form..

In the approximately forty years ofthe electromagnetic recording art, prior to this invention, considerable diiiiculty has been encountered in satisfactorily utilizing a filamentary record element. This difliculty may have been slightly greater with wire than with tape, but, so far as I am aware, no element of either .type has heretofore been highly successful,

Tape h'as obvious objections by reason of its ilat section, its requirement to be in one `exact position about its longitudinal axis, in its diillculty of handling, and in other respects.

Wire of circular cross section 'is a better known, and more easily handled, commodity, but it also, has not, prior to my invention, had success comparable to translators or recorders operating on other principles.

Former machines of the wire andothertypes,

have been subject to sound distortion probablyv caused by absence of power modulation of certain magnetic .fiux impulses in certain frequency ranges independently of others, failure toA eliminate peak ilux impulses in all frequency ranges, ,v ineffective recording in other features, and by friction, vibration and other causes.

I'he translator or record. elements have been vinfluenced by inexpedient magnetic ields or ci;- cuits, pole members of variable or excessive cross section and ineffective shape, position and control, poor magnetic conditioning, ortiming of such conditioning, to receive a record, inadequate feed, the adverse effects of recording flux lag,

the failure to effectively control the relative supporting and exchanging a filament or wire,

imperfect drive and changeof 4drive direction, less effective direction of wire travel, gravity sag of the wire, inability to readily attach th'e wire to, and adjust it relative to, a. reel, absence of wire feed or feed control means, lack of consideration of drive motor mounting in its effect on recording and reproducingv functions, excess number of separate control elements and umts,

complicated manipulation, and other factors.

Among the objects of my invention are to overcome all of the above-mentioned-diillculties, and to provide a device, and its elements, and the methods of construction, operation and control thereof, that shall result in improved translating or recording and reproducing qualities in the art stated.

Another object of the invention, particularly in combination in a, magnetic receiving and translating, or recording and reproducing device, and

of the wire type,A is to modulate the power of pulsations of electromagnetic ux impulses of selected sound frequencies of a certain class whereby to obtain improved magnetic arrangement in the recording or translating element, l

and better sound effects than only by modulation of pulsations of all electromagnetic flux frequencies in such class.

`Another object of the invention, in such combination, is to eliminate ux peaks of sound irnpulses of all frequencies, and to subject the aforementioned modulator to the impulses having the peaks eliminated, whereby certain impulses may be impressed on the translating means increased or undiminished in power, andother impulses may be impressed on the translating means reduced in power.

Another object of my invention is to subject a magnetizable translating or record element to separately produced recording fluxes in -producing a single record, to effect this result with,- a single recording entity or unit, and to provide recording means including a composite struc# ture of magnetizable and non-magnetizable material in predetermined flux transmitting and controlling relation to each other.

Another object of the invention is to provide magneticrecording and reproducing stylus means of more effective and constant operating char-` acteristics, not only in its construction and relation to other elements, but in being movable and located in predetermined manner for reducing wear and other advantageous effects.

Another object of the invention is to provide a more compact, effective head or unit, including theA above-mentioned stylus, and providing for the ready renewal of the stylus and the translating or record element, improved magnetic circuits, means for removing objectionable infiuences of these circuits from the recording elements, novel conditioning and damping means for the recording element, and other features.

Another object of the linvention is to provide means whereby a greater length of i'llamentary magnetizable record element may be provided in a given space, the element may travel in more effective direction and be more readily attahed to, and adjusted on, and disconnected from, supporting means, and the latter may be easily removed and replaced.

Another object of the invention is to provide driven. means for feeding the record element between reels for ensuring smoother, more uniform operation of the device, and means for readily detaching the feed means from a drive motor, for adjusting ,the reels by hand.

Another object of the invention is to provide a clutch that shall be automatically responsive to reversal of the movement of the motor drive element, for reversing the relation between the reels, as wherein one reel is driven and the other idles.

Another object of the invention is to provide combined damping and braking means for the reels whereby, when running, one of the reels is damped and, when stationary, both of the reels are held, and to provide, and to further combine, if desired, a novel master switch with the already combined damping and braking means. I

Another object of the invention is to provide, in combination in a device of the above-indicated 'l character, a motor mounting for preventing effects of vibration' of the motor on the recording and reproducing flux functions.

Another object of the invention is to reduce the number, complexity, weight, bulk and cost of the elements of a magnetic recording device, whereby the latter as a whole may be correspondingly reduced, and constituted as a simple, portable unit containing all of the essential elements from power input to reproducing output, in a single, small cabinet, and having a record element of considerably greater length for the size and weight of the device than any previous magnetic recording machine of which I am aware.

useful applications thereof, to thevparticular constructions and operations, which, for the purpose of explanation, are made the subject of illustration.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a frontview, on a reduced scale, partially in elevation, and partially in section, of one example of the invention, in the form of an electromagnetic recording and reproducing device, parts being broken away, and parts bein! omitted;

Fig. 2 is a view, taken substantially along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1, showing portion of the structure thereof;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detailed sectional view, taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 1, of a reel and means for attaching a wire or record element thereto;

Fig. 4 is a view, similar to Fig. 3, and take along the line 4-4 of Fig. l, showing anothe phase of the operation of the structure of Fig. 3,

Fig. 5 is a perspective detail view, on a further enlarged scale, of elements seen in Figs. 3 and 4:

Fig. 6 is a view, similar to Fig. 2, taken substantially along the line 6 6 of Fig. 1;

Fig. l is a detail side elevation of a portion of a combined damping and braking device seen at the right hand side of Fig. 6, taken at right angles thereto, but omitting other parts of Fig. 6, and including a bracket not seen in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a detail view, taken substantially along the line 8-8 of Fig. 1;

Fig. A9 is an enlarged detail view, partially in elevation and partially in section, of right-hand end portions 'of the upper reel and associated parts, as seen in Fig. 1;

Fig. 10 is a detail top view of master switch operating means, the handle of which shows A near the lower right hand portion of Fig. 1, and

Another object of the invention is to provide I a device of the above-indicated character that shall greatly facilitate its manipulation, and be simple and durable in construction, economical to manufacture, and effective in its operation.

With such objects in view, as well as other advantages which may be incident to a utilization of the improvements, the invention comprises the elements and combinations thereof hereinafter set forth in the drawings, specification and claims, with the understanding that the several necessary elements constituting th same may be varied in proportion, arrangement and texture, without departing from the nature and scope .of the invention.

In order to make the invention more clearly understood, means are shown in the accompanying drawings for carrying the same into practical effect. without limiting the improvements, in the fragments of the cabinet;

Fig. 11 is a view looking into Fig. 10 from the bottom, and at the handle from the right of Fig. 1;

Fig, 12 is an enlarged detail central plane vertical section of a pulley and clutch device seen at the upper left center in Fig. 1;

Fig. 13 is an enlarged view, taken substantially along the line I3-I3 of Fig. 12;

Fig. 14 is a view, enlarged to substantially full scale, of a recording head, as viewed near the right-hand side, about midway between the top and bottom, of Fig. 1;

Fig. 15 is a view, taken at right angles to Fig. 14;

Fig. 16 is a view of the recording' head, taken along the line I8|8 of Fig. 15, portions being omitted;

Fig. 17 is a top plan view of the structure of Fig. 18 is a rear view of portions of the device omitted from Fig. 16, portions of the latter figure being omitted from Fig. 18;

Fig. 19 is a view taken substantially along the line lI9--I9 of Fig. 18, parts being omitted;

Fig. 20 is a top view, partially in plan, and partially in section, taken substantially along the a,soc,ios l as better shown in rigs. 14 to 2s, inclusive, isA

spective view of parts of recording and reproducingstylus means seen near the top of Fig. 22;

Fig. 24 is a view, similar to Fig. 23, of a modified form of recording and reproducing stylus;

Fig. 25 is an enlarged perspective view of a combined stylus and core structure constituting a further modiilcation oi' the invention;

Fig. 26 is a diagram, and schematic plan, of the operating and control elements, and of the electrical and magnetic circuit means, of the de-lf vice, the reels being omitted and Fig. 27 is a similar diagram or' plan of a ilus frequency power modulator, of novel construction and operation, and in novel combination in the invention.

.Referring to Fig. 1, in the example of the invention given, an entire electromagnetic recording and reproducing device, including all oi' the essential elements and controls, from power input to reproducing output, is enclosed in a single small cabinet C, having a top, or upper, compartment member or cover U, and a lowercompartment or base structure L.

'I'he device further comprises, in general, a recording head H, including recording pole members or styli W, wire-damping structures E and G, wire supporting or reel structure'R, mechanlsm F for feeding wire between reels of .the structure R, a clutch K, a drive mechanism D, including a motor M and the clutch K, a combined braking and damping device B, a motor switch V, a master switch A, a ux frequency power modulator P, control circuits, and other elements to be hereinafter pointed out. 4

The cabinet 'I'he cabinet C, drawn in this instance, to about one third actual scale, is substantially of suitcase character and proportions, and, with sufflcient recording wire for about one hour operation ofthe ldevice,and with a11.of the apparatus and control elements therein, as stated, weighs in the neighborhood of thirty five pounds. Having a handle 3i, and being of very slight width, it may therefore, be very conveniently carried, like a suit case oi' desirable proportions, by an averagel operator.

In the example given, it is about six inches wide, as indicated in Fig. 2, and fourteen inches long, and sixteen inches high, as indicated in Fig. 1. It is shaped and flnished for ornate appearance, and is made of light-weight material, such as cast aluminum, thin-plywood, or composition, having appropriate surface ilnish or treatment.

The top compartment or cover member U is of simple construction,4 as indicated, having an aperture 3,2. at the upper left end, as seen in Fig. 1, for register with a, so-called loud speaker 33 secured to the cover therein, and a bottom edge tltted to an upper rabbet edge groove of an intermediate partition 38 that is normally-secured' to thel lower compartment member L. Clasps or locks 31 provide for readily removably, but securely and safely, attaching the cover to the lower compartmentmember L..

The lower compartment structure L is of similar thin-wall vconstruction and material, having lVentilating openings 38, a bottom wall 39, an upper edge fitting a lower rabbet groove edge of the'partition 36, and slots and, other apertures for further instrumentalities, as will appear.

the device for immediate cooperation with a magnetizable record member, translating element, or wire 4I extending generally in the vertical direction between upper and lower reels 42 and 43, respectively. of the reel structure R, between which it is'reciprocally transferred for winding on, and unwinding from, one or the other.

The head H comprises a carriage including a traveling nut 43, Figs. and 17. secured to a non-magnetic frame member 41, and adapted for cooperation with a reverse or cross thread screw 43 in the form of a tube for lightness of weight.

A guide bar lilis accurately slidably fitted by a bifurcated lower portion 52 oi' the nut 48 for causing the-head to travel smoothly and quietly, in a fixed path, back and forth parallel to the reels 42 and 43 between the extreme turns of the wire on the reels.

4I, so that the latter is very evenly laid to one reel, and taken from the other.

The frame 41 has forwardly projecting side arms 51 carrying non-magnetic pivot `screws I3 having alined horizontal axes through the longitudinal axis oi'- the wire 4I, and on which are pivotally mounted arms 6I of a cruciform nonmagnetic bracket 62. As better seen in Fig.`21, the bracket 82 is secured to a light-weight nonmagnetic block 63, of material such as aluminum, by nuts 66 vand special screws 61 having oth Dil-F9056.

lThe block 63 is generally of simple oblong shape, having apertures of circular cross section through its width, arranged in horizontal pairs, with the apertures'ofI the upper pair each containingtwo pulsating or alternating ux producing electro-magnet coils 1i and 12, see Figs.

19 and 26. These upper coils are the recordingv and reproducing coils, with the coils 12` also adapted to produce sustained yflux superimposed on the pulsating ux .thereof for agitating the magnetic' condition of the wire 4|, or conditioning it for better recording iluxreception at *he time of recordingr The lower four apertures in the block are arranged in substantial quadrature with one another. separated as a set from the upper` apertures of the block by a greater distance than the distances between the apertures of the set, and

each containing a single coil 16 or 11. 'I'he upper pair of lower apertures contain the coils 18,. and the lowermost pair of apertures contain the'coils 11.

The coils of each horizontal pair of apertures are offset vertically from each other in accord'- ancewith a corresponding relation, along the wire 4I, of styli associated with the coils.

Vertical grooves 13, at ther rear of lthe block 63, see Figs. 16, 18'and 1'9, provide for bringing the lleads or wire ends of the coils out of the bloc Y ,A core member 3l, extending ythrough-each of the upper. orv recording and reproducing coils 1i and 12,

seemsngzaispmvideawitnaheaa 82 for predetermined adjacent cooperation with one end oi each coil 1| and 12, at the front of the recording head H, and is clamped to a magnetic flux path member or bar 83, as by screws 86 of Fig. 19, in holes 11 of Fig. 22; the bar 83 which links the opposite ends of the coils transversely to the axes thereof, being provided with slots 88 intercepted by grooves fitting the core members 8|.

'I'he heads 32 are marked N and S, respectively,

indicating the polarity thereof, when the coils12 are effecting sustained flux thereon.

Core members 9| and 92, similar to the core members 8|, and likewise having heads 93 and 94, respectively, extend through the lower, or conditioning, coils 16 and 11, and are also clamped in a magnetic ux path member 96, the latter being structurally equivalent to two of the members 83 joined by a section 91, whereby the member 96 is of substantially H-shape, with its legs horizontal and its cross mid section vertical.

'Ihe conditioning coils 16 and 11 are arranged on the core members 9| and 92, and the member 96 is constructed, to render both pole heads 93 of such polarity, marked S, and both pole heads 94 of north polarity, marked N.A

This arrangement subjects the Wire 4| to conditioning, or record eradicating, flux over a denite or predetermined substantial extent of its length, in contradistinction to the spots, or small local indenite lengths, to which the wires of former devices have been solely subjected; the distance being permissibly greater than Vthe usual offset distance between adjacent cooperating recording styli.

The heads 82, 93 and 94 are alike, each having a horizontal slot 98 and. respectively, slidably supporting the pole members or styli S, including styli |02 and |03, each longitudinally biased toward the recording element or wire 4|, as by a non-magnetic lever |06, which bears, in this instance, against a rounded end |04 of the corresponding stylus. Each lever |06 is pivotally mounted by a non-magnetic pin |01, in bearing extensions |08 of the corresponding cross ilux member 83 or 96.

Each of the levers |06 has a rear arm engaged by a non-magnetic leaf spring ||2, see particularly Figs. 17 and 19, secured to the corresponding cross flux member 83 or 96.

The arrangement is such that the levers |06 l normally bias the styli toward the translating wire 4| and, when moved by hand against the spring action, may be locked in position by the spring clear of the styli, thereby facilitating removal and replacement of the styli and the wire.

The block 63 may have side grooves ||3, see Figs. 14, 15, 16 and 20, providing clearance for the levers |06, and assisting in keeping the head small.

toward its ends, and the lower spring ||'2 being the structural equivalent of two of the upper springsjoined by a section H1, similar to the section 91 of the cross flux path member 96 .of the conditioning coils.

The styli -tially embracing vthe recorded element or wire 4|; the portions |2I being offset from each other along the Wire by a usual critical distance found desirable for good reception and transmission.

In the modified form of Fig. 24, recording and reproducing styli |26, corresponding to the styli |0|, are similarly constructed to have body portions |21 of given cross sectional area or thickness, and a. sheet-like structure |28 homogeneously integral therewith, or extending therefrom, having uniform reduced section or thickness for a predetermined distance from the body means |21, or having edge contour |3| completely embracing the translating or record element 4|; the portions |28 being offset from each other along the wire by the above-mentioned critical distance, and held together in such spaced relation by a non-magnetic spacer or means |32.

The latter device is not especially adapted to the particular example of the invention given, but is adapted to its equivalent, except that the styli require the wire to be threaded there- The longitudinal axes of the coils 1|, 12, 16

'springs 2, and the cross pieces 83 and 96, are 'each secured tothe block 63, partially by the special screws 61, and partially by ordinary screws H6; 'the upper spring ||2 being a simple elongated strap convergingly tapered' at its edges through, and do not move relative to e'ach other.

The advantages of the uniform section stated are that uniform flux is maintained at the wire, irrespective of wear of the active ends of the styli, and that the openings, through which the wire extends, may be enlarged without affecting this section, as in styli having section which increases with wear.

As shown in Fig. 25, a stylus body means |23,

, of given cross-sectional area or thickness, is made up of an outer non-magnetic strap or element |24 bent to form layers or laminae |25, between which is disposed a very thin magnetizable strip 29, or sheet-like structure extending from the body |23, and having edge contour |30 for at least partially embracing the Wire 4|.

Disposed in slidable position in a slot '|34 of a core member head |35, similar to the core member and head structures above set forth, and similarly operable, the stylus of this form presents its inner longitudinal thin edge to the head at the bottom of the slot |34 for the direct reception of magnetic flux from the head, and has its broad sides presented to this ux through the non-magnetic layers |25, thus offsetting the magnetic or flux lag between mutually heavy magnetizable bodies. and causing the magnetic and non-magnetic materials to transmit and control the flux relative to each other, and obtaining improved results.

Obviously, the non-magnetic layers |25 may be separate, or fixed to the head, and the magnetizable layer or strip |29 moved relative thereto, and the layers |25 also may be shorter, or only slightly longer than the slot |34, with short margins at the ends of the strips bent upwardly from the upper layer, and downwardly from the lower layer, for longitudinally locking strips in l biased against the wire by a magnetic screws |38.

The dampihgstructurcs Angle members |31, at the top and bottom oi the block 63, each support one of the damping structures E including felt strips |38, a nonmagnetic metal strip |4| backing the forward felt strip |4|, and a. non-magnetic thumb nut device |48 for adjusting the tension of the spring |42 against the metal strips |4|, and consequently, of the felt strips |38 against the wire 4|.

The wire damping means G, at right angles to, and above and below the upper and lower damping means E, respectively, each comprises felt pads |46 at opposite sides of the wire, one of which is secured to a stationary non-magnetic arm |41 on the frame 41, and the other of which is carried by a non-magnetic arm |48 pivoted to the frame by a non-magnetic pin |5|, and

By this construction, the wire, irrespective of slight variations from the vertical position which it undergoes, because of Vvariations in the diameters of the wound portions thereof on the respective reels, when wound/from one to the other, is maintained constantly, smoothly and evenly damped, without bending it at any point between the reels, and the possibility of background noise from this source is therefore reduced or eliminated entirely.

The arrangement constitutes means for simultaneously damping both longitudinal and lateral movement of the recording wire, one example of lateral movementv of which occurs, as better understood from Fig. 15, when the structure, mounted on the frame 41 by the pivot screws 58, turns about the axis of these screws, whereby the wire 4| moves laterally along, and between the felt pads |48, while traveling longitudinally between these pads, and is held in alinement with the styli W by the pads |38. n

During the aforesaid variation of the position of the wire from the vertical, the entire recording head unit, pivotally mounted on the frame 41 by the screws 68, moves with the angular changes of the wire, thus avoiding changes of the positions of the styli relative to the wire.

The reel structure not |82 ofemy slightly greater width than the diameterofthe wire 4|. V

A small hollow cylinder or head member |83,

non-magnetic spring I of only slightly smaller outer diameter than the diameter of each aperture |8|, is adapted to receive a small end length of the wire 4|in return bent double thicknessthrough thecylinder |83. By reason of its resilience, the wire thus forms a loop |88v which locks the wire against outward pull from the cylinder.

When the cylinder, on the wire, is thrust throughv one of the apertures |6|, as indicated as just having been done in Fig. 3, it may then be moved longitudinally of the drum to any de, sired position, with the wire protruding through the slot |62, ready for winding, but with the cylinder prevented from movement through the slot.

'I'he arrangement thus constitutes self-locking means for attaching the end portion of the record element or wire to the reel against peripheral movement relative to the drum, but providing for movement therealong; this feature be-v ing important among the several items of advence and renement in this device, which cooperate toward its more effective operation and manipulation. and other advantages.

The end grooves |58 constitute seats for engagement by end disks |61 which, at the righthand ends of the reels, as viewed in Figs. l and 9, are attached to spindles .|68 `iournaled in bearings |1| on a bracket |16 that is secured to the intermediate partition 36, orl floor of the upper compartment structure U.

The. guide rod 6| is xed in position between the bracket |16 and a similar bracket |11 at the left-hand side of the reels.

Each spindle |68 has portions of dierent diameter providing a shoulder against which a' washer-like member |18 is forced by a spring |8|, surrounding the spindle between the member |18 and an outer end portion |82 of the bear- A lower nrt-hand bearing |13 is Similar to the right-hand bearings, except that the handlef|83 y and spring,|8| are omitted, and a shaft |84 is substituted for the spindle |68.

An upper left-hand bearing v|85 is alsol 'minus the handle |83 and spring |8|, and instead of the spindle |68, is provided with a sleeve |86, see particularly Figs. 1`, 6 and 12.

The reels 42 and 43 are each proportioned to render-the fully wound record element or wire 4| thereon to be of substantially minimum diameter and maximum axial extent, for greater effectiveness according to the capacity, or time period of operation, of the particular machine; this feature reducing the number and frequency of reverse winding layers along the reels, rendering the operation of the feed screw 48 and the traveling nut 46 smoother, further avoiding the possibility of background noise, and being the prime factor in obtaining the compactness and readily portable character of the device as a whole.

Having the record element travel in the generally vertical direction, with the minimum departure from such direction provided by the reduced'diierence in diameter between the full and empty reels, also conduces to the production of a narrow, easily carried cabinet and, more importantly, reduces mechanical vibration of the active section of the wire between the reels, from shocks and jars, and avoids gravitational sag of this active section which, although microscopic in a taut section of the length shown, is nevertheless suillcient in a horizontal wire to have different pressure, wear and flux effects on the lower portion of a stylus or recording pole member than on the upper portion, especially in a larger machine. In the present case, there is no such unavoidable difference in the effects on the recording styli.

The axes of the reels, and the windings thereon are disposed substantially horizontally, and within predetermined horizontal limits relative to each other, one above the other, preventing gravity sag of the wire, and wear of the wire and styli therefrom, and maintaining the width of the unit within the proportions hereinbefore set forth.

The feed screw 48 is journaled in bearings |81 and |88 in the brackets |18 and |11, respectively,

and has an extension, near the bracket |11,

through which extends a pin |9|, see Figs. 1 and 6, normally embraced by a slotted sleeve |92 on a shaft |93. 'I'he shaft |93 extends, through a bearing |98 in a bracket |91, to a knob |98, and carries a sleeve 20| between which and the bracket |91, a spring 202 surrounds the shaft |93 to bias the shaft to the right, as viewed in Fig. A1.

By pulling the knob |98 to the left, against the action of the spring 202, the screw 48 may be disconnected from its drive by the lower reel, through a set of speed-reducing gear wheels and pinions, for adjustment by hand, as when loading the reels with new Wire.

This speed-reducing gear wheel and pinion set, comprises a gear wheel 203 on the shaft |93, a pinion 208 on a shaft 201 journaled in bearings 2|| and 2|2 on the brackets |11 and |91, respectively, a gear wheel 2|3 on the shaft 201, a pinion 2|8 on a shaft 2|1 journaled in bearings 22| and 222 in the brackets |11 and |91, respectively, a gear wheel 223 on the shaft 2|1, and a pinion 228 on the shaft |84 of the lower left-hand reel bearing |1| that also is journaled in a bearing 21 in the bracket |91, and carries a damping and brake drum 228, and a. pulley 23|.

A tie rod 232 is connected between top extensions of the brackets |16, |11 and |91 to lend rigidity to the combined support of the brackets,

all of which are mounted on, and secured to,the

intermediate partition 38.

The clutch 'I'he clutch K, as better seen in Figs. 1, 12 and 13, comprises a wheel 238 including a central rib or spider 231 having a hub 238 mounted about a shaft 24| for rotation relative thereto.

Hubs 242 and 243, at opposite sides of the spider 231, are fixed to the shaft 24|, and each 1212 diametrally oppositely projecting latch arms The clutch parts, at both the right and left of the spider 231, as viewed in Fig. l2, are alike, but operate reversely, and the parts at only one side, namely the left-hand side, are shown in Fig. 13, as taken along the line |3|3 of Fig. 12. Thus, the latch arms 248 at the left of the spider, shown in Fig. 13, have latch dogs 241 projecting clockwise from the latch arms 248. The latch arms, at the right of thel spider, if superposed in dotted lines on the spider in Fig. 13, which has not been done, to avoid confusion, `would `project counterclockwise from the latch arms.

HIn each case, levers 248, pivoted to the spider by pins 25|, each has a block-like portion 252. '.15

through which the corresponding pin 28| projects, and which is adapted, when turned about its pivot, to spread adjacent ends 283 of a pair oi' clutch shoes 288, which are similar to internal expanding brake shoes.

Each lever 248 further has a detent 281, for latching by the corresponding latch dog-241 during rotation of the shaft 24| in one direction. and an enlarged, or weighted, outer end portion 258 for action like a governor ball of a centrifugal control device.

The respective levers 248, at each side of the spider, are connected by springs 28| for ensuring positive return of the levers to latching position under all conditions, and irrespective of the location thereof about the shaft 24|. when the rotation of the shaft is reversed from the direction in which the levers had been forcinglthe shoes outwardly.

Clutch drum members 282 and 283, at the right hand and left-hand sides, respectively. of the wheel 238, as viewed in Figure 12, which may be constructed from duplicate castings, but machined differently in accordance with their` respective positions in the clutch, each comprises a peripheral portion for engagement by the corresponding shoes 288, an open side facing the wheel 238, and a closed side having a hub; the hub of the left-hand drum fitting the shaft 24|, and the hub on the right-hand drum fitting, and xed to, the sleeve |88. The left-hand drum is fixed, as by screws 288, to a small pulley 281,

and both this drum and pulley are loosely mount,

The drive mechanism In the drive mechanism D, the motor M, of the alternating current typefor operation on standard circuits, such as the usual circuit of one hundred and ten volts, is mounted on the intermediate partition 38, through a vibration absorbing device which, in this instance, includes a leaf spring 288 disposed between soft rubber standards or supports' 21|.

The spring 288 extends lengthwise from front to back of the cabinet C, withfour of the upper rubber supports 21| grouped near the center of the spring and the motor, and a. pair of the lower rubber supports near each end of the spring, thus substantially floatingly mounting the motor. and eliminating, or greatly reducing, the transmission of motor vibration to the support, in-

. cluding the partition 38 and other parts, compending upon the direction of rotation of thev motor.

The braking and damping device The combined braking and damping device B, in addition to the lower drum 228 on the shaft |88, and the drum 282 of the clutch K on the sleeve |88, comprises, as better seen in Figs. 6 and '1, a beam or lever 218 that is pivotally mounted, by a pin 28|, on the bracket |11.

The beam extends from the upper compartment U, through a slot 282 in the partition 38,

asocian l `7-= to the lower compartment L, for cooperation with a cam 288 having a slot 286, in which is disposed a follower 281 carried on the lower-end of the beam.

Opposite each drum 2-28 and 262, the beam 218 carries a shoe 288, held vertically by side ears 29| on the beam, and carried by a pin 292 having very loose dt in an opening in the beam. A spring 298, around the pin 292 between the shoe and the beam, biases the shoe from the beam toward the drum, which bias is limited by a head 296 on the pin, holding the pin, the

' shoe and the spring to the beam.

l the cabinet.

With the machine inactive, and the reels 42 and 68 stationary, the beam 218 is in the position, indicated in Fig. 1, in which both shoes 288 bear lightly against the drums 228 and 282, the handle 806 is in horizontal mid position, and the pin 802 is located midway between notches 801 in an upright lever arm 808. 'Ihe latter is pivotally mounted by a pin 8| I carried by a bracket 8i'2 on the iioor 89 of the lower compartment L, and is A biased against the pin 802 by a spring 8I8 extending between the top end of the lever and the front panel. A button handle 8I6, pivotally connected to the lever 808, extends from the lever. through the front wall of the cabinet.

When the handle 806 is moved upwardly, to

place the pin 802 in the upper notch 801, the cam 283 moves the beam 218 counterclockwise about the axis oi' its pivot pin 28|, to release the lower -shoe 288 from the drum 228, and to exert a damp-l ing force on the upper drum 262.

Under such condition, with the'pin 802 held by the upper notch 801 in the lever arm 308, if lthe button 8|6 is pushed inwardly, the spring 298 of the upper shoe 288 will instantly force the cam 288 and the handle 806 to the intermediate or normal stationary braking position, shown in Figs. 1 and 6.

Conversely, when the handle 806 is moved downwardLv to place the pin 802 in the lower notch 801, the cam 288 moves the beam 218 clockwise about the axis of its pivot pin 28|, to release braking by the upper shoe 288 from the drum 262, and to exert the damping force on the lower drum 228. Again, with the pin 802 held by the lower notch 801 in the lever arm 808, if the button 8|6 is pushed, the spring 208 of the lower shoe 288 will instantly force the cam 288fand the handle 806 to the-intermediate, or light braking, position.

The motor switch The motor switch V, see particularly Figs.'1, 8,

-and 26, comprises an insulating support 8|1, carrotate in one direction, and, when the handle 16 808 is moved downwardly, the movable contact members engage the lower stationary contact members to cause the motor to rotate in the opposite direction.

Thus, there is notonly the double function o'f regulating the damping and braking in the one control device, but a third function of controlling the direction of rotation of the motor.

The master switch The master switch 'A, see particularly Figs. 1, 10, 11, and 26, comprises a pinion 824 for operating a short rack 825 on a bar 826. 'I'he bar is supported in slides 821, and insulatingly carries and supports a 'plurality of contact members 828 for cooperative engagement with certain of stationary contact members 88|, when the rack is moved in one direction, and for cooperative engagement with certain other of the contact members 88|, when the rack is moved in the opposite direction.

Means for thus moving the rack, as better shown in Figs. 10 and 1i, comprises cooperating segmental miter gear wheels 882 and 838 carried by shafts 836 and 881, respectively, that are journ-aled in a bracket 888 on the oor 88 of the lower compartment L.

The shaft 888 carries an arm 84|, protruding through a slot 842 in the front panel or wall of the lower compartment, and having a handle 848. In the lower position of the handle 348, as indicated in Figs. 1, l0 and 11, the circuits of Fig. 26 are conditioned for playing or reproducing a record and, in the upper position of the handle. the circuits are conditioned forrecording sound.

The front panel of the lower compartment further supports an ammeter 846 for indicating the current passing throughthe recording coils 1| and 12, an ammeter 341 for indicating the current passing through conditioning coils 18 and 11, a. power meter 85|, see Fig. 26, a signal lamp 852, a microphone or input jack 853, an output jack 856 for a speaker outside the cabinet, a volume control dial 851, a tone control dial 358, and a power switch 889.

A plug and socket connector, for cooperation with the jack 856, in selectively utilizing the cabinet speaker, or a speaker outside the cabinet. comprises a socket 86| secured to the intermediate partition 86 on the lower compartment structure i L, and a plug 362 carried by the cover-or upper attachment to a convenience outlet, of a source cord 866, and a socket 864 on the cord, toa plug' 865 on the rear wall of the cabinet, see Figs. 10 and 11.

, The plug 865 is connected to the power switch 859 at the front of the cabinet. From the power switch859, conductors 881 lead to the motor switch V, conductors 868 leadl to an amplifier 81|, and

, conductors 312 lead to a rectifier 318. Conductors The amplier 81|, the rectier 818,a ux peak eliminator 816, the flux frequency power modulator P, transformers 88| and 882, condensers 386 and 881, variable resistors 888 and 889, and

, a condenser 89|, are all disposed in the lower compartment L of the cabinet C, for which the openings 88provide ventilation, to avoid undue heat in the lower compartment from the ampli.

fier and rectifier tubes, and other apparatus, and to prevent transfer of this heat to the recording compartment.

Conductors 392 are connected between the motor M and the motor switch V to energize and deenergize the motorand' tc reverse the motion transmitted thereby.

The amplifier 31| is connected by conductors 393, to the peak eliminator 316, which operates to subdue ux surges caused by sudden impulses of sound, and to keep them in harmony with the prior and subsequent sounds, as they are when the sounds which cause'the surges are produced farther from the microphone.

The eliminator thus operates tocontrol the sound current to impose like eects on certain impulses of different frequency ranges, whereby to eliminate pulsation peaks from the recording flux.

Recording In recording, the handle 346 of the master switch A is moved to upper position, to correspondingly move the contact members 323 one step to the left of the position shown in Fig. 26, and the handle 306 of the motor switch V is moved to upper position whereby to drive the upper reel 42 through the clutch K to cause the wire `4I to travel upwardly, or from the reel 43 to the reel 42.

During this operation, the double or reverse pitch screw 48, of the feed mechanism F, is driven from the lower reel 43, by the pull of the driven upper reel 42 on the wire 4|, through the pinions, shafts and gear wheels 206-226, to cause the operation of laying the wire in uniform layers along the upper reel 42.

Sound current passes from the microphone jack 353, through conductors 331 to the amplifler 31|, and from the latter, through conductors 396 to certain of the contact members 328 and 33| of the master switch A. The latter is shown in playing position, but when in recording position, with the movable contact members 326 one contact step to the left of the positions shown in Fig. 26, the sound current passes from the .conductors 399 through the switch, to conductors 40|, to the frequency modulator P.

From the modulator P, the sound current divides, one division passing through conductors 406, the condenser 39|, the master switch A, and conductors 401, to the lrecording coils 12, and the other division passing through conductors 403, the master switch, and conductors 4H, to the recording coils 1|.

At the same time, direct current is superimposed on the alternating current of the record.. ing coils 12, from the rectifier 313, through the conductor 44|, the variable resistor 46|, the ammeter 346, the conductor 452, the master switch A, one of the conductors 401, and returned to the rectifier through the other conductor 401, the master switch A, and the conductor 443, for subjecting the wire 4| to sustained conditioning iiux simultaneously with its subjection to pulsating recording uxes by the coils 1| and 12.

A third division of the sound current passes from the modulator P, through conductors 40,9,

the master switch A, conductors 4|0, and conductors 4|4 to the jack 366, and from the/ latter to the outside speaker, or to the cabinet speaker 33, as will further appear, in order that the sounds being recorded may be heard at the time of recording.

Frequency power modulator In the modulator P, Fig. 27, the conductors 434, and consequently, the recording coils 12, are rendered a low frequency circuit, by the inclusion of a choke coil 4|6, which completely blocks out high frequency sound current, and passes only f low frequency sound current at reduced power.

The conductors 403, and the recording coils 1|, are rendered a. high frequency circuit, which allows the high frequency sound currents to be passed under high pressure, by a network 4|9, including a variable resistor 420 and a condenser 424 in parallel, and with these elements in series with a-flxed resistor 426 in parallel with a condenser 421.

The above-described arrangement, whereby the low frequency sound currents are modulated, and high frequency sound currents are not similarly modulated in the modulator P, or whereby cer.. tain pulsations of certain frequency are modu. lated independently of other frequency ranges, thereby allows the high frequencies to be imposed on the recording coils at high power, or at a normal rate, while subduing the low frequencies, or allowing them to pass at a normal rate, and thus, operates differently from the eliminator 316, which affects all frequencies alike at any degree of power.

The power meter 35| is connected across the input conductors 40| from the amplifier 31|, by conductors 430.

'I'he conductors 409, to the speaker circuits, are provided with current at reduced voltage, by a step-down transformer 43| having a primary winding 434 connected a'cross the input conductors 40|, and a secondary winding 435 supplying the speaker circuit conductors 409.

While recording, the incoming sounds may be simultaneously reproduced on the cabinet speaker 33, or on an outside speaker, by passing of the sound current from the modulator P through the conductors 409, 4|0 and 4|4.

Afterrecording, the handle 306 of the motor switch V is moved to lower position, to reverse the motor M, and to thereby drive the lower reel 43 through the clutch K and the belt 211, for rewinding the wire 4| from the upper reel 42 to the lower reel 43, which, in this instance is effected at a speed higher than the recording speed.

During the latter operation, the master switch handle 343 mayl be move'd to the lower, or playing, position, in order that the inverted record sounds may be heard, or the rewinding may be effected in silence, by turning the handle of the volume control dial 361 to ofl.' position.

Also, during this operation, the feed screw 49 is reversely driven directly from the shaft |84 of the lower reel 43, through the pinions, shafts and gear wheels 206-226 above mentioned, to lay the wire uniformly along the lower reel 43.

Reproducing winding 4|3, of the transformer 382, and from a step-up secondary winding 4|6 of the transformer 382, through conductors 4|1, to a mixer 4|8 associated with thev microphone input.

Likewise, current in the conductors 401 of the coils 12 passes through the `master switch and conductors 42|, to a primary winding 422 o! the transformer 38|, and from a step-up secondary winding 423 of the transformer 38|, through conductors 426 to the mixer 4|8.

From the mixer 4|8, the reproducing current passes through the conductors 391 to the amplier 31|, and from the latter, through the conductors 398 and the master switch A, to conductors 4|4 and the jack 356.

At the jack 356, if the outside speaker is not connected, as indicated, the reproducing current passes through conducting strips 428', 429, 432 and 433, to the socket 36|, and from the latter, to the plug 362 and conductors 430 to the vcabinet. speaker 33.

If the outside lspeaker is connected, the strips 428 and 429are disconnected from each other, as also are the strips 432 and 433, so that the reproducing current, instead of passing to the cabinet speaker 33, as above stated, passes directly from the strips 428 and 433 tothe outside speaker.

Magnetic conditioning To remove an old record from the wire 4|, and magnetically condition it for a new record, the master switch A is moved from the playing position shown in Fig. 26, to recording position one contact space to the left, and direct current from the rectifier 313 derived, in this instance,

from the same source as the pulsating recording current from the amplifier 31|, passes along a conductor 44|, through a variable resistor 442 Aand the ammeter 341, along a conductor 443,

348, along a conductor 452, through the master switch, along one of the conductors 401,'through the recording coils 12, along the other conductor 401, through the master switch, along the conductor 448 to the negative terminal of the direct current side of the rectier 313,'the current thus traced also being blocked from the alternatingcurrent circuits by the condenser 39|.

ThisV conditioning operation may be eiiected separately, or while recording, wherein an old record is eiaced from the upwardly moving wire 4| at the lower portion of the head H, opposite the coils 18 and 11, and the new record is immediately eiected by the coils 1| and 12 at the upper portion of the head.

I claim as my invention l. In a sound device, a magnetizable translating element, means for ilux cooperation therewith along a path thereof in accordance with sounds, and means for magnetically conditioning said element to receive a record including pole means' spaced from each other along said element each including aplurality of pole members of like polarity cooperating with said element at opposite sides of said path.

2. In a sound device, a magnetizable lamentary translating element, means for ux cooperation therewith in accordance with sounds.

,and means at each side o`f said i'lux cooperation 'during inaction thereof and alternately releasing,

the braking action and effecting a stronger -damping action on the respective reels during rotation thereof.

4. In a sound device, a magnetizable lament, and a, recording head comprising a iiux circuit including core portions, elongated pole members longitudinally slidably engaging the core portions and extending laterally to the illament, and means including a coil foreach core portion spaced from the filament along, .and axially extending transversely to, its pole member.

5. A sound device comprising a magnetizable iilament,elongated pole members longitudinally relatively movable laterally to the lament disposed substantially end-to-end having lament engaging ends in slightly oil'set relation to each otheralong the filament, means for resiliently biasing said pole members against the lament, and magnet means for the pole members including a coll for each pole member spaced iromthe lament along, and axially extending transversely to, its pole member, and an axially extending core for each coil relative to which the corresponding pole member moves transversely` during said longitudinal movement.

6. In a sound device, a magnetizable illament, and means for magnetically conditioning said iilament including pole means cooperating' with the iilament at positions spaced from each other along the iilament, each including a plurality of pole portions of the same' polarity opposite to the polarity of the corresponding portions oi the other and engaging the filament at substantially opposite sides. o

'7. In a sound device, a magnetizable lament. and means for magnetically conditioning the lament including pole means cooperating with the filament at positions spaced from each other along the filament, each including a pair 01 elongated pole members in substantially end-toend relation longitudinally relative to each other laterally of the iilament and having end 4portions of the same polarity opposite to the polarity of the corresponding end portions of the other pair cooperating with each other to substantially surround the lament, and means for resiliently biasing said pole members relative to each other against the lament.

8. In a sound device, a pair of reelsl a mag-V netizable filament for interchangeable winding by the reels, a recording head cooperating with the filament between the reels, a carriage for said head, means for reversing travel o f the carriage parallel to the reelsduring passage oi the filament through the head in either direction between the reels, means for mounting the head on the carriage for angular movement relative thereto in accordance with changes in position of the illament between the reels resulting from changes meansv on the head for dampi in the diameter of filament windings on the reels, movement of the iilament and'movable with the in said angular movement, and means on the carriage independently of the head for damping movement of the filament and providing for said angular movel/ riage parallel to the reels during pasage of the A nlament through the head in either direction between the reels, means for mounting the head on the carriage for angularmovement relative thereto in accordance with changes in position of the filament between the reels resulting fro'm changes in the diameters of nlament windings on the reels, means on the head at both ends thereof along the filament for damping movement of' the latter and movable with the head in said angular movement, and means on the carriage adjacent to Ieach of said ends independently of the head for damping movement of the filament and Droviding for; said angular movement.

'10. In a sound device, a magnetizable nlament, a recording head. a reel for winding the filament through the head, means for rotatably mounting vthe reel including cooperating bearing surface portions supported on the reel and the mounting means, respectively. at each end of the reel locking the reelAand the mounting means radially together entirely around the axis of said bearing portions, at least one of said bearing surface portions being movable out of its bearing position while retained in supported position prior to removal of the reel from the device provided for by said movement, and means providing for placing the niarnent in position in thehead and removing the /nlament from said position by movements of the filament transversely to its length.

11. In a sound device, a magnetizable iilament, a recording head, a reel for winding the iliament through the head, means for rotatably mounting the reel including a'support and a shaft at each end of the reel cooperating befilament from said position by movements of the nlament transversely toits length. 12. In a sound device. `a magnetizable iliament. a recording heada reel for winding the filament through the head, means for rotatlvely mounting the reel including a support at each end of the reel, a shaft Jcurnaled in each support 4having an inner end element releasabls` iitting a portion on the corresponding end of-the reel in radial locking operative position relative thereto. at least one of said shafts being longitudinally movable, means for longitudinally moving said longitudinally movable shaft'in one direction for relatively moving the shafts and the` reel longitudinally together into operative relationvand in the opposite direction for releasing the reel for removal from the supports and the ascenso y device. and means providing for placing the filamentinposittonintliehcadaniiremovingthel `:iilament from said position by movements of the iilament transversely to its length.

i3. In a sound device, a magnetizable filament. arecordingheadareeli'orthe meansincludinganelement adiacenttooneend ofthenlamentandguidemeans extendingalong the reel to receive said element for positively locking the iilament according to the position oftheheadlongitudinallytothereelandproviding for movement of the filament transversely to its lengthalong thereel according to variations of said position while so looked.

14. In a sound device.. a recording head, a

'member having an aperture therethrough, a

magnetizable filament having an end length extending through said aperture from one side of said member and a loop atthe opposite side of the member of not substantially greater diameter ,than said aperture, a portion of said length extending from the loop through said aperture l from said opposite side, a reel for the filament including a hollow drum having a longitudinal slot, through the drum wall of only slightly greater width than the diameter of the filament .and an opening through said wall commimicat 'lng 'with the slot, said opening being shaped similar to the contour of said member laterally of the filament but of slightly greater area whereby, when saidend'length and member are inserted through said opening loop end nrst and released. the member locks at said one sidev against the inside of the drum and may be moved yalong the slot to position'corresponding to the lever clear of the path of movement of the pole member.

18. In a sound device, a pole member having a body portion of given cross-sectional area and a sheet-like portion homogeneously integral with said body portion having uniform reduced section -to a predetermined position from said body portion, and a magnetizable filament eatending substantially normal to an extension of the plane of said sheet adjacent to said podtion.

17. In a sound device, a pair of pole members each having a body portion of given cross-sectional area and a sheet-like portion homogenevously integral with said body portion having uniform reduced? section extending to a predetermined position from said body portion, said sheet-like portions being disposed in overlapping side relation but providing an opening substantially normal to the planesof the sheets through the overlapping portions, and a magnetinble filament extending through said openin'g substantially surrounded by said sheet-like portions.

nannrsons. Gira 

